History Of Microprocessor

History Of Microprocessor

Microprocessor
Definition of microprocessor:
                        Microprocessor is a controlling unit which performs the instructions and tasks involved in the computer processing.
Microprocessor is simply a circuit that contains logical elements (ALU, CU, Register) for performing calculations, carrying out stored instructions, etc... It is used as central processing unit (CPU) of a computer.

What is ALU:
         Arithmetic logic unit is an element of microprocessor, used to perform arithmetic and logic operations.
What is CU:
       It is a controll unit which controll the instructions by fetching from the momory and after decoding it execute that instructions back to the memory.
What is Register:
                 It is low memory in the microprocessor which stores the intermediate results during processing.
History
Fairchild semiconductors invented the first integrated circuit in 1959 that marked the history of microprocessor.
In 1968 Gordan Moore, Robert Noyce and Andrew Grove resigned the work of Fairchild semiconductors and started their own company named as integrated electronics (Intel).
In 1971 the first microprocessor Intel 4004 was invented.
Generations
I have written about the generations of microprocessor below...

First Generation:
                              The period of first generation was from 1971 to 1973. In 1971 INTEL created the first microprocessor 4004 that would run with the speed of 740 KHz. During this period some other microprocessors were also in use in the market like Rockwell international PPS-4, INTEL-8008 and National semiconductors IMP-16. Among these processors no any was TTL compatible.
Second Generation:
                                    This was the period from 1973 to 1978. In this period the very efficient 8-bit microprocessors were invented like INTEL-8085, Motorola-6800 and 6801 and Zilogs-Z80. These processors were the most popular ones. They were costly because of their fast speed and as they were based on NMOS technology fabrication.
Third Generation:
                                The period was from 1978 to 1981. In this period the 16-bit processors were created and designed using HMOS technology. In one year, during 1979 to 1980, INTEL 8086/80186/80286 and Motorola 68000 and 68010 were invented. The speed of these processors were 4 times better than the processors of second generation.
Fourth Generation:
                                  This period was from 1981 to 1995. During this period 32-bit microprocessors were developed using HCMOS fabrication. In this period the popular processors INTEL-80386 and Motorola's 68020/68030 were invented.
Fifth Generation:
                               This was the advanced generation. During this generation the 64-bit processors were invented. These processors include Pentium, Celeron, Dual and Quad Core processors.
Intel Celeron:
                         It introduced in april 1998. It is based on pantium 2 and refers to a range of Intel's x86 CPUs. It can run on all IA-32 computer programs.
Intel celeron processor (533 MHz) was invented in jan 4, 2000.
Intel celeron processor (800 MHz) was invented in jan 4, 2001.
Intel celeron processor (1.30 GHz) invented in jan 3, 2002.

Monitors
Definition:
                    It is an output device used for observing and checking information and it displays information in pictorial form.
Types of monitors

1. CRT (Cathod Ray Tube) Monitors

It is the helpful technology used in the first monitors. These monitors transmitted the image in black and white. Electrons were used to transmit the image, they manage to capture by means of an antenna. So these were the first invented monitors, the era of black and white. The companies decided to make new monitors for better appreciation of the image.
2. LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) Monitors
Popular with the name LCD and has thin structure. It works through a series of monochrome pixels that takes shape through light. The resolution of these monitors goes from 1280×720 to 3840×2160 pixels. These monitors has the small size and can be hung on the wall creating colourful images. These monitors does not requires a high energy consumption.
3. TFT Monitors
These monitors are different from LCD and based on the size of the screen. This technology implemented other components, the larger the screen the image will be more colourful and clear. The technology is based on application of transistors for each pixel of screen. Due to this the image has a greater magnification and illumination. This invention combines liquid crystal with high resolution.

Printers
Definition:
                   It is a device that printout text, pictures from computer and transfer the results to a paper. Printers are vary in size, speed, and cost. The high resolution colour printing printers will be the most expensive.
Types of printers
1. Laser Printers:
                               It was developed in 1960 by Xerox. It was developed by using the idea of a laser to draw images onto a copier drum. These printers are used in offices. These printers increases the productivity and they have high print speed. Laser printers have higher paper capacity. These printers are more cost effective than inkjet printers.
2. Solid Ink Printers:
                                     These printers uses a unit form of ink technology. Solid ink printers are designed to save space and money (on pakaging). These printers melt solid ink sticks during the printing process. These printers produces vibrant tones and made from non-toxic vegetables oils.
3. LED Printers:
                             LED Printers are similar to Laser printers but use light emitting diode rather than a laser to create image on the print drum. They are more efficient and rellable than laser because of their fewer moving parts. Most LED printers produced by OKI. LED prinyers are cheaper than laser printers.
Thanks.